Are you a woman who wishes to get pregnant yet loves eating fast food? Then you have a choice to make as fast food is said to double the risk of infertility according to a new research study in Australia.
Researchers found that eating fast food regularly was linked to a twofold increase in the risk of infertility in women of childbearing age. What’s more, not eating enough fruit was tied to a 50 percent increase in infertility risk, and eating fruit several times a day appeared to reduce the amount of time it took to conceive.
The study found only an association between diet and infertility, however; more research is needed to prove that certain foods have a direct impact on infertility risk.
Fast food
The research, published today on May 3 in the journal Human Reproduction, included nearly 5,600 women, ages18 to 43, from Australia, New Zealand, the U.K. and Ireland, all of whom were in the early stages of their first pregnancy. Midwives looking after these women were instructed to interview them about their diet in the month before they conceived, and in addition, to record how long it took the women to get pregnant once they started trying.
Couples are considered infertile when they are unable to conceive within a year of trying, according to the study. So, although all the women involved in the study were pregnant, 8 percent of them fell into the infertile category, as it took them longer than a year to get pregnant.
“The major finding is that the risk of infertility — that is, taking longer than 12 months to conceive — went from 8 percent for all the women in the cohort to 12 percent … in women with the lowest fruit intake,” said lead study author Claire Roberts, a senior research fellow at Robinson Research Institute at the University of Adelaide in Australia. (That jump, from 8 percent to 12 percent, represents a 50 percent increase in the risk of infertility, Roberts added.)
“There was also an increase from 8 to 16 percent in the risk of infertility in women who ate four or more servings of fast food each week,” Roberts said.
Food intake was also tied to the amount of time it took women to become pregnant. Women who ate fruit three or more times a day, for example, became pregnant half a month sooner than women who ate fruit only a few times in a month. Similarly, women who consumed fast food such as burgers, pizza, fried chicken and chips four or more times a week, became pregnant, on average, a month after women who never ate fast food.
Intake of other foods, including green leafy vegetables and fish, weren’t linked to risk of infertility or the amount of time it took women to get pregnant. However, the researchers were surprised that these healthy foods didn’t appear to have an effect, Roberts said.
The study adjusted for factors such as age, maternal smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index, to make sure the data reflected only the effects of diet on infertility and time needed to conceive, Roberts noted.
Although the study didn’t look at why these foods affect a woman’s odds of getting pregnant, Roberts said that earlier research indicates that fatty acids from women’s bloodstream may affect the quality of a woman’s eggs.
“The things that you eat could get into your eggs and that can affect whether your eggs could be fertilized or not,” she said. “Fast-food diets are also high in fat, sugar and salt, which can alter metabolism.” Metabolic health is another factor that’s known to impact fertility and contribute to developing pregnancy complications, she added.
